Semi-precious
Stone Identification Using Infrared Spectroscopy, 350 pages,
full color, spiral bound. Price is $145.00 + $10 s/h in the U.S. Released Winter 2016.
This book is based on about 20 discoveries in infrared on its
behavior, used here to identify all semi-precious stones used as faceted
stones, in jewelry as cabochons, carvings and ornamental stones. So it includes
silicates, carbonates, agates, jaspers, garnets, feldspars, jades, common opal,
precious opals, copper minerals, manmade materials, ambers, to name a few
groups.
In particular, it uses infrared spectroscopy to identify them,
and provides keys of major mineral groups to identify unknowns readily. A host
of discoveries in infrared are shown in detail to aide in mineral
identification. For example, a master table how to unambiguously identify the
type of opal scanned, is provided. It shows several new opal species that have
been omitted in the literature due to inadequate understanding of infrared, and
the use of spectroscopy methods such as X-rays that cannot be used reliably on
opals.
Several major components of this work were reviewed in
collaboration and in blind study comparisons to two professors of mineralogy,
remote sensing, and infrared technology at Caltech, which covered and reviewed
the basic discoveries.
You don't get thrown one graph per mineral, but rather a
complete identification set of instructions to differentiate them from other
minerals in the same group and those that look similar, or are presumed to be
similar. For example, one chapter is
dedicated to all the minerals commonly confused with jade, both nephrite and
jadeite.
The book appears to be the first for mineralogical
identification in infrared, leaving behind primitive and inaccurate techniques
such as trying to identify stones by refractive index. Key to the work is the
discovery that a number of crystallographic properties define the infrared
graphs. This means that those who presume infrared is unreliable and the graphs
shift, don't understand how infrared works and substitute their lack of
understanding for infrared unreliability. Major mineral groups are first
described by their crystallographic patterns in infrared and what they mean.
Then the chapters follow up with major samples in each group from around the
world.
This book uses reflectance infrared spectroscopy, which does not
require damaging the mineral samples studied such as mashing them into powers for
transmission infrared. The additional spectral features that occur with
reflectance are not noise as presumed by many in previous infrared work, but
are actually more data coming from infrared interaction with materials.
This book presents not only a classification of minerals and
materials in infrared and how to identify them, but shows new research
technology used to achieve that. It is a practical guide to using infrared, and
is a research work, laying out mineralogical infrared use with minimal technical
understanding needed.
The work was based on some 30,000 spectral graphs and six years work spent on mineral classification in infrared.